阅读判断例题解析

李蓝

Ø阅读判断出题特点：
以2002年和2003年综合C阅读判断题的出题特点进行比较：
2002年阅读判断题：Thanksgiving with the Watsons
2003年阅读判断题：A pay raise or not?
Attached materials:
From Thanksgiving with the Watsons
Most American traditions are not really American. But Thanksgiving（感恩节）is different because it started in America.
..Jesse has decided to spend Thanksgiving with David and Elizabeth Watson because he likes them, and because he cannot go to his parents’ home in Chicago.
From A pay raise or not?
“Unless I get a raise, I’ll have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley, ” George Strong said to himself.
小结：在阅读判断题部分综合C的考题通常都与社会或文化相关，文章语言难度略低于阅读理解题部分，文章通常选取的是职称英语用书外的文章，主题较容易理解。

Ø 阅读判断题型介绍：
阅读判断是一篇长度为300-450词的短文的阅读文章。阅读判断题实际上是要求考生确认和判断所给文章中的一些事实，并能根据文章中的某些句子进行归纳和推断。阅读判断题型是阅读理解题的一种“变形”：从问题所涉及到的范围来说，这两种题型实际上是一样的 -- 都是或属于关于文章主题方面的问题，或涉及到文章中具体细节的查找，确认和判断。但因为这两种题型的问题表现形式不同：阅读理解是以提问 --找答案的形式出现，而阅读判断要求考生判断问题句说法“正确”，“错误”或“没提到”，所以从出题形式来说阅读判断题的难度还相对来说增加了。实际上在解答阅读判断题中经常出现的一个问题是：很多考生在对“错误”和“没提到”这两个选项总觉得有一些“模糊性”，而这也增加了阅读判断题的难度。但是阅读判断的文章难度往往低于阅读理解文章的难度，而且文章主题也往往较轻松，所以这部分考题并不可怕，我们完全可以按照通常解答阅读理解题的方法去解答阅读判断题。
Ø  阅读判断题解题思路：
1．借助文章主题和/或文章开头/结尾处句子确认文章中心；
2．认真读题，借助题目确认问题中隐含的线索词/特征词，并注意识别题目中的关键词；
3．借助题目中的线索词/关键词在文章中查找和确认答案相关句；
4．对比答案相关句的句意和问题句的句意确认答案；
注：答案“没提到”通常在一篇文章中出现在2个左右的问题上，而且判断“没提到”的原则是“答案相关句的句意和问题句不矛盾，而且两者之间是完全不相关，或不完全相关”

例题解析：
阅读判断（每题1分，共七分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
练习：
1．Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
2．Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
3．Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
4．Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
5．Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
6．Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
7．Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned

李蓝

答案及解析：
1．文章题目分析，抓住文章中心和文章中的核心词；
American Sports  
2． 直接看问题判断答案。注意利用题干中的信息（核心词，特征词）在文章中快速查找相关信息，注意“没提到”和“错误”的判别。
1.  Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old in the US.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构Hunting and fishing和特征结构men, young and old作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation（娱乐） anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal（季节性的）, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
发现答案相关句中并没有提到men, young and old，且根据该相关句及相邻句子的句意不能“推导出”也不能“反驳”问题句的句意，所以该句的说法为“没提到”。
补充：
favor vt. n. 赞同，帮助；促进偏袒；偏爱
e.g. May I ask you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗？
in favor of赞成；支持
e.g. I am in favor of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。
a variety of adj.多种的
exceed vt.超过，超出
e.g. The cost will not exceed $50. 费用不会超过50美元。
e.g. The results of the competition exceeded our expectations.比赛的结果比我们预料的好。
Anywhere adv.  在什么地方；在任何地方
e.g. Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方？
e.g. Sit anywhere you like.随便坐哪儿都成。
2   Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构和特征结构（黑体部分）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer（对应the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.）, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall（对应play for a long period of time in the fall）.
判断该句的句意与问题句的句意一致，该题主要是考察well into the fall结构的含义。
补充：
Into: prep: to a point within the limits of a period of time or extent of space/达到一段时间或一定空间限制之间的程度
e.g. well into the week.到一周周末
look into v.窥视, 浏览, 观察
go into v.进入, 加入, 探究
enter into v.进入, 参加, 成为...一部分
throughout adv., prep. 各处，到处；遍及；从头到尾；全部时间
e.g. He is famous throughout the world. 他闻名于世界。
e.g. It rained throughout the night. 雨下了一整夜。
3    Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构（黑体部分）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket（板球）.
判断该句的句意与问题句的句意一致， 因此该问题句的说法“正确”。
4    Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构（黑体部分）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.（第一段最后一句）
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded （有衬垫的）uniforms and helmets (头盔) because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
该题考察考生的推断能力：既然最大的足球体育馆能容纳下80，000观众，那么根据spectator sports（观赏性运动）的定义，足球应该是spectator sports。
补充：
Originate: v. 开始；使开始 （A级词汇）
e.g. All theories originate from / in practice and in turn serve practice.
任何理论都来源于实践,反过来又为实践服务。
Seat:  v. 供给…座位拥有或为…提供座位
e.g. We can seat 300 in the auditorium.我们这个礼堂可容纳三百人
(be) dressed in: 穿着。。的衣服
rough adj.粗糙的；崎岖不平的; 狂暴的，汹涌的（风雨、海水等）;粗略的（计划、估算等）; 起草稿用的（纸）; 倒霉的；难熬的
a rough road 一条崎岖不平的路
The sea was rough in the storm. 大海在风暴中波涛汹涌。
a rough drawing 草图
to have a very rough time 度过一段难熬时期；吃苦头
5   Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh  that players have to wear special uniforms.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构（黑体部分）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
该相关句的说法与问题句的说法不一致（主要是“理由”的称述方面不一致），所以判断问题句的说法“不正确”。
补充：
Prefer: v. （常与to连用）更喜欢；宁愿
e.g.  prefer coffee to tea 喜欢咖啡胜过茶
e.g. Which of these two dresses do you prefer?  
6   Basketball in America is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构（黑体部分）作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
发现该句的说法与问题句的说法“不一致”，但又不能因此而判断问题句的说法“错误”。
7   Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned
分析：利用题干中的核心结构作为答案线索，这样发现答案相关句：
Other spectator sports include wrestling（摔交）, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys （职业赛马骑师）who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
根据相关句群的句意发现问题句的说法与这些相关句的说法一致，因此问题句的说法“正确”
补充：
assemble vt. vi集合；聚集; 装配
e.g. All the people assembled at Marys house.
所有的人都聚集在玛丽的屋子里。
Synonyms:  collect, crowd, gather
outcome  n.结果, 成果
synonyms: conclusion, consequence, effect, result
primarily adv.首先，主要地
bet v. 打赌
e.g. I bet our team will win.我敢断定我们队准能获胜。
e.g. He bet me ￡1 that the school team would win.
他认为校队会赢，和我打一英镑的赌。
bet on/upon v. 打赌

沈幼

不错，看看。