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发表于 2011-11-13 11:02:24
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6、表示“投药”的常用动词
administer (或be administered、give、be given、indicate、be indicated) 给药、投药
use (或be used 、employ、be employed) 用药
recommend (be recommended、suggest、be suggested) 推荐给药
7、表示不同的用药方式的动词:
take 服用 inhale 吸入 apply to 用于、涂于、敷于
spray 喷雾 inject 注射 swallow 吞服
例6 …the recommended single dose is 1 ampoule, given subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously.
建议一次剂量为1安瓶,皮下、肌肉或静脉注射给药。
例7 I.M injections should be administered in the amount of 25-50mg daily per kilo of body weight, subdivided into injections every 6-8-12 hours.
肌肉注射:每日每公斤体重给药25-50mg,每6-8-12小时一次。
例8 For adults give intramuscular injection of 400 to 600 mg per day in 2-3 divided doses. For intants give intramuscular injection of 10-20mg/kg per day in two divided doses.
成年人:肌肉注射,每日400-600mg,分2-3次注射;婴儿:肌肉注射,每日10-20mg/kg体重,分2次注射。
例9 The tablets (or the syrup) are to be taken during or after a meal with a little liquid.
片剂(或糖浆)应于食间或饭后用少量液体送服。
例10 Apply the Nitro-Dur system firmly to the skin surface. The Nitro-Dur system may be applied to any convenient skin area, a recommended side of application is the arm or chest.
把护心贴片紧贴在皮肤表面,护心贴片可贴在任何方便的皮肤区域,最好是贴在手臂或胸部。
例11 In general 1 to 3 metered doses should should be inhaled or sprayed onto or under the tongue at the every oneset of anginal pain.
一般应在心绞痛开始发作时就吸入,或向舌上或舌下喷入1-3个规定的剂量。
8、其它的短语或句型,例如:
according to 根据 be adjusted 调整 depend on 依据 adapt to 适合,修改
on the basis of 在…基础上 vary from…to… 变化范围由…至…,因…而异
range from … to … 变化范围由…至…
it is advisable to (it is recommended to、it is suggested to ) 建议…
例子很多,不一一列举。
例12 Dosage should be adapted to patients individually, on the basis of periodic tests of glycosuria and blood sugar.
在周期性检验尿糖和血糖的基础上,调整剂量,使之适用于不同的患者。
例13 It si advisable to initiate therapy with massive doses: 3x2 tablets daily after meals over 2-4 days.
建议开始治疗时采用大剂量,每日剂量为3x2片,饭后服用,持续2-4日。
例14 In severs chronic cases, treatment is started with daily 1 to 2 ampoules of Bilocid and continused with one ampoule every other day, injected slowly by the intravenous route.
治疗严重的慢性疾病时,治疗从每日1-2支利胆素注射剂开始,继续治疗时每隔一日1安瓶缓慢静脉注射。
例15 The number of injections required may vary from from patient to patient.
所需注射次数因患者而异。
例16 The dosage of Glutril must be adjusted by the doctor according to the individual metabolic state.
格路特利的剂量需由医生根据每个患者的代谢状况调整。
例17 In such instance, it is recommended that the dose be reduced.
在这种情况下,建议减少剂量。
例18 The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient.
维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。
从上述例句可见,本项中英语的普通词汇较多,只要有一定的英语基础均可读懂,专业词汇多为医学词汇,可从英汉医学词典中查出。
英文药品说明书的写法——第七节 不良反应
不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停药等。现分述如下:
1.“不良反应”的常用的英语表示法有:
Adverse Reaction(s)不良反应 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反应
2“副作用”的常用的英语表示法有:
Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要:
allergic (hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过敏反应
allergy(hypersensitivity) 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕
gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道 fever 发热
local reaction(s) 局部反应 flush 潮红
skin reaction(s)皮肤反应 headache 头痛
symptom(s)症状 nausea 恶心
systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒
anorexia 厌食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 痉挛
blood pressure 血压 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 呕吐
4.“霉性”、“耐受性”的英语表示法:
toxicity 毒性
tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力,耐药性
tolerate(toleration) 耐受
5.“停药”的英语表示法举例:
abandon 停药
discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) 停药,中断(治疗)
cease(cessation)(stop)停药(停止治疗)
don't use 勿使用(停药)
suspend 停药
terminate 停止,结束
withdraw(be withdrawn,withdrawal)停药
6.其他一些常见的基本词汇及短语:
acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制
chronic 慢性的 diminish(reduce,reduction)减少
common 常见的 disappear 消失
irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到,见到
mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生
normal 正常的 include 包括
rare(ly)罕见的(地) lead to 导致
reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明,显示
severe 严重的 observe(be observed)(被)观察到
temporary 暂时的 produce 产生
transient 一过性的,短暂的 react to 对……反应
appear(develop,happen,occur)出现(产生)
result from 由……引起 be reported (被)报道
result in 导致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起
treat(treatment) 治疗
special care(caution)should be exercised 特别小心(注意)
例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛、头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕及瘙痒。
例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
施乐凯的副作用根罕见,因为任何过量的钾都迅速由尿排出。
例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases.
用推荐剂量治疗时,仅见个别的静脉刺激或过敏反应(皮肤及粘膜反应)病例。
例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.
当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。
例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。
例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。
例7 With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
大剂量连续输注超过 5~7日(超过 200mg/m2/日),胃肠道并发症更为明显,偶尔可导致肠梗阻。停药后副作用皆可逆转。
例 8 In some patients nausea, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
服用本品的头几天,有些病人可能会出现恶心、头晕和呕吐,但不必停药。偶有血压下降的病例,为此,在治疗开始前建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用持续不消失,应减少服用剂量。
例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
较重的不良反应(远不及轻度不良反应常见)包括抑制骨髓细胞生成,药物热及肝炎。
例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
副作用:多数病例出现食欲减退、恶心,有时呕吐。这些症状通常发生在治疗的最初几天,以后逐渐消失。
英文药品说明书的写法——第八节 注意事项 |
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